|
In Tibet, the government attaches importance to employment, medicare, housing, old age pension, insurance and aid to the poor and the needy. It offers guaranteed life to childless old people and orphans. For this purpose, it has set up welfare societies and homes of respect for the old. For those deprived of the ability to work and the childless old people, the government guarantees their food, clothing, housing, medicare and, when they die, funeral needs.
To cope with the growing need of the socialist market economy, the government of the Tibet Autonomous Region has stepped up the pace of introducing social security system reform centered on old age pension and unemployment insurance. Efforts were made to serve the laid-off. In 2004, the autonomous region had 1.3736 million unemployed people, a figure which was 45,500 people more than December 2003. They included 316,700 in cities (an increase of 29,200). The unemployment rate was 4.3 percent at the end of 2004.
In 2004, receipts and expenditures of old-age insurance funds reached close to 1 billion Yuan. In 2005, efforts will be made to collect 270 million Yuan, 35 million Yuan, 187.1 million Yuan and 28 million Yuan respectively for old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, medicare insurance and work injuries insurance; and recover 9 million Yuan of old-age insurance enterprises have failed to pay. All these are geared to perfect the social securities system.
The number of the handicapped in Tibet totals some 150,000. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period (1996-2000), more than 5,200 handicapped people were rehabilitated, and some 1 million people were given iodine capsule to take. Today, upwards of 70 percent of the counties in Tibet have set up federations for the handicapped. In some villages, there are people charged with offering special services for the handicapped. In 2000, Tibet set up the Lhasa Special Education School, the first special school for the blind, the deaf and the mute in the region. Thirty-five children from Lhasa, Shannan and Nyingchi now attend the school. In 1999, the Lhasa SOS Children’s Village was founded.
Improvement of Material Life for People
|
Index |
Unit |
1990 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Employment |
|
Number of People Supported by Each Rural Laborer |
People |
1.44 |
1.74 |
1.70 |
|
Number of People Supported by Each Urban Laborer |
People |
2.01 |
1.89 |
1.94 |
|
Income |
|
Per-capita Net Income of Farmers and Herders |
Yuan |
582 |
1331 |
1691 |
|
Per-capita Disposable Income of Urban Households |
Yuan |
1631 |
6448 |
8058 |
|
Annual Average Wages of Workers |
Yuan |
3181 |
14976 |
26931 |
|
Consumption Level |
|
Consumption Level of People |
Yuan |
734 |
1823 |
2825 |
|
Farmers |
Yuan |
485 |
1144 |
1272 |
|
Non-Farmer Residents |
Yuan |
2329 |
4737 |
9112 |
|
Bank Savings |
|
Balance of Bank Savings of Urban and Rural Residents at Year End |
10000 Yuan |
48522 |
404800 |
919000 |
|
Balance of Bank Savings of Each Person at Year End |
Yuan |
223 |
1571 |
3401 |
|
Housing |
|
Floor Space of Housing Shared by Each Rural Resident |
sq.meters |
18.94 |
23.16 |
21.42 |
|
Floor Space of Housing Shared by Each Urban Resident |
sq.meters |
14.02 |
19.86 |
19.93 |
|
Culture and Education |
|
Number of Color TV Owned by Every 100 Urban Households |
Piece |
94 |
120 |
131 |
|
Number of TV Owned by Every 100 Rural Households |
Piece |
0.4 |
13.7 |
32.9 |
|
Rate of School-Age Children Going to Primary Schools |
％ |
67.4 |
85.8 |
91.8 |
|
Number of In-School Students Out of Every 10000 People |
People |
857 |
1467 |
1678 |
|
Health Care |
|
Number of Hospital Beds for Every10000 People |
Piece |
24.80 |
17.62 |
15.9 |
|
Number of Doctors Beds for Every10000 People |
People |
20.83 |
20.94 |
30.7 |
Consumption Level of the Region Year
|
Year |
Consumption Level |
Index（Previous Year=100） |
|
|
Regional Residents
（ Yuan /Person） |
Farmers |
Urban Residents |
Regional Residents （％） |
Farmers |
Urban Residents |
|
1979 |
218 |
147 |
620 |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
276 |
210 |
635 |
126.6 |
142.9 |
102.4 |
|
1985 |
422 |
309 |
1182 |
117.5 |
115.3 |
121.7 |
|
1990 |
735 |
484 |
2329 |
113.6 |
117.5 |
112.1 |
|
1991 |
839 |
554 |
2721 |
114.1 |
114.5 |
116.8 |
|
1992 |
903 |
594 |
2825 |
107.6 |
107.2 |
104.8 |
|
1993 |
931 |
591 |
3083 |
102.9 |
99.5 |
109.1 |
|
1994 |
1110 |
694 |
3700 |
119.2 |
117.4 |
120.0 |
|
1995 |
1202 |
762 |
3981 |
108.2 |
109.8 |
107.6 |
|
1997 |
1471 |
939 |
4744 |
112.1 |
107.6 |
117.9 |
|
1999 |
1669 |
1030 |
4579 |
107.6 |
105.0 |
109.8 |
|
2000 |
1823 |
1144 |
4737 |
109.2 |
111.0 |
103.4 |
|
2001 |
1939 |
1223 |
4992 |
106.4 |
106.9 |
105.4 |
|
2002 |
2725 |
1365 |
8278 |
119.3 |
109.2 |
237.4 |
|
2003 |
2825 |
1272 |
9112 |
103.7 |
93.2 |
110.1 |
Retail Sales of Consumer Goods Unit: 10000 Yuan
|
Year |
Retail Sales of Consumer Goods |
Divided According to Areas |
|
City |
County |
Below County |
|
1978 |
24479 |
9474 |
3665 |
11340 |
|
1979 |
27114 |
10493 |
3758 |
12863 |
|
1980 |
28687 |
11101 |
4446 |
13140 |
|
1985 |
94983 |
36759 |
14891 |
43333 |
|
1990 |
128700 |
33059 |
54082 |
41559 |
|
1995 |
244963 |
112521 |
77395 |
55047 |
|
1997 |
325818 |
158295 |
109626 |
57897 |
|
1999 |
379321 |
186623 |
141365 |
51333 |
|
2000 |
428673 |
205901 |
165625 |
57147 |
|
2001 |
490442 |
240589 |
191303 |
58550 |
|
2002 |
533684 |
240361 |
225708 |
67615 |
|
2003 |
582963 |
260813 |
250055 |
72095 |
Household Situation of Urban Residents
|
Item |
Unit |
1990 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Number of Households Surveyed |
Piece |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
Number of Family Members on Average |
People |
3.95 |
3.41 |
3.39 |
|
Number of Working People of Every Households |
People |
1.97 |
1.80 |
1.74 |
|
Working Field of Each Household |
％ |
50.8 |
55.6 |
57.5 |
|
Average Number of People Supported by Each Working Person |
People |
2.01 |
1.89 |
1.94 |
|
Annual disposable Income of Each Person |
Yuan |
1684.57 |
7426 |
8765 |
|
Average Annual Income of Each Person |
Yuan |
2120.49 |
11772 |
11399 |
|
Wages Total of Workers in State-Owned Units |
Yuan |
1458.85 |
6668 |
9409 |
|
Wages Total of Workers in Collectively Owned and Other Economic Units |
Yuan |
111.59 |
310 |
|
|
Wages Total of Workers in Other Economic Units |
Yuan |
58.43 |
46 |
|
|
Income of Individual Laborers |
Yuan |
10.78 |
28 |
|
|
Income of Other Laborers |
Yuan |
51.23 |
41 |
|
|
Income on Other Forms of Labor |
Yuan |
18.08 |
25 |
|
|
Property Income |
Yuan |
1.94 |
5 |
7 |
|
Income on Transferring |
Yuan |
203.56 |
356 |
281 |
|
Income on Lending and Loaning |
Yuan |
206.03 |
4295 |
1697 |
|
Per-Capita Spending |
Yuan |
1339.64 |
5554 |
8043 |
|
Food |
Yuan |
888.24 |
2570 |
3541 |
|
Clothing |
Yuan |
208.08 |
876 |
1129 |
|
Family Equipment and Service |
Yuan |
122.28 |
275 |
444 |
|
Health Care |
Yuan |
9.96 |
265 |
310 |
|
Transportation and Telecommunications |
Yuan |
11.76 |
443 |
1184 |
|
Recreational, Educational and Cultural Service |
Yuan |
48.24 |
419 |
597 |
|
Housing |
Yuan |
27.00 |
340 |
468 |
|
Sundry Goods and Service |
Yuan |
24.12 |
367 |
369 |
Note: Figures in this table refer to figures derived from sample survey of residences in Lhasa.
Ownership of Durables for Every 100 Urban Households
|
Item |
Unit |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Complete Set of Furniture |
Piece |
|
|
|
85 |
|
Power Vehicles |
Piece |
|
|
|
|
|
Family Cars |
Piece |
|
|
|
2 |
|
Refrigerating Cabinets |
Piece |
|
|
|
6 |
|
Disc Players |
Piece |
|
|
52 |
72 |
|
Video-tape players |
Piece |
|
39 |
38 |
45 |
|
Family Computers |
Piece |
|
|
1 |
16 |
|
Hi Fi Combination |
Piece |
|
13 |
24 |
33 |
|
Bicycles |
Piece |
229 |
222 |
200 |
124 |
|
Micro Wave Ovens |
Piece |
|
|
3 |
24 |
|
Electric Fans |
Piece |
3 |
3 |
4 |
8 |
|
Washing Machines |
Piece |
42 |
78 |
100 |
91 |
|
Refrigerators |
Piece |
24 |
50 |
74 |
84 |
|
Motorcycles |
Piece |
1 |
9 |
5 |
6 |
|
Color TV |
Piece |
88 |
98 |
120 |
131 |
|
Heaters |
Piece |
|
|
|
43 |
|
Recorders |
Piece |
58 |
36 |
69 |
59 |
|
Shower Heaters |
Piece |
|
1 |
12 |
22 |
|
Cameras |
Piece |
26 |
46 |
54 |
50 |
|
Medium and High Grade Musical Instruments |
Piece |
8 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
Videotape Recorders |
Piece |
|
|
5 |
|
Air Conditioners |
Piece |
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
Electric Cookers |
Piece |
1 |
17 |
9 |
20 |
|
Air Exhausters |
Piece |
|
3 |
1 |
33 |
|
Sterilizing Cabinets |
Piece |
|
|
|
6 |
|
Dish Washers |
Piece |
|
|
|
2 |
|
Drinking Water Facilities |
Piece |
|
|
|
30 |
|
Vacuum Cleaners |
Piece |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
Body Building Facilities |
Set |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Ordinary Phones |
Piece |
|
|
|
87 |
|
Mobile Phones |
Piece |
|
|
30 |
107 |
Per-Capita Income of Rural Families Unit：Yuan
|
Item |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Total Income |
623.26 |
1501.46 |
1727 |
2317 |
|
Basic Income |
581.50 |
1392.44 |
1547 |
2152 |
|
Remuneration of Laborers |
1.46 |
79.17 |
232 |
479 |
|
Remuneration of Collectively Organized Labor |
1.46 |
|
107 |
85 |
|
Labor Remuneration of Enterprises |
|
|
22 |
3 |
|
Labor Remuneration of Other Units |
|
79.17 |
102 |
391 |
|
Family Business Income |
580.04 |
1313.27 |
1316 |
1673 |
|
Income on the Transferring and Property |
41.76 |
109.02 |
179 |
165 |
|
Divided According to Income |
|
|
|
|
|
Basic Income |
581.50 |
1392.44 |
1547 |
2152 |
|
Labor Income |
1.46 |
79.17 |
232 |
479 |
|
Family Business Income |
580.04 |
1313.27 |
1316 |
1673 |
|
Agricultural Income |
287.56 |
586.49 |
517 |
992 |
|
Forestry Income |
14.93 |
44.97 |
9 |
41 |
|
Animal Husbandry Income |
129.60 |
307.19 |
26 |
337 |
|
Fishery Income |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Handicraft Income |
26.47 |
22.78 |
|
|
|
Income on Gathering and Hunting |
37.64 |
17.53 |
|
|
|
Industrial Income |
1.13 |
10.29 |
34 |
21 |
|
Construction Income |
9.39 |
20.11 |
143 |
69 |
|
Transportation Income |
22.10 |
85.22 |
161 |
137 |
|
Commercial Income |
8.94 |
39.52 |
447 |
26 |
|
Catering Income |
1.67 |
17.85 |
|
|
|
Service Income |
1.22 |
13.31 |
15 |
16 |
|
Other Incomes |
39.39 |
148.01 |
115 |
33 |
|
Income on Transferring and Property |
41.76 |
109.02 |
179 |
165 |
Per-Capita Share of Expenditures of Rural Households Unit：Yuan
|
Item |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Spending on Life |
340.98 |
873.42 |
1117 |
1025 |
|
According to Consumption Types |
|
Food |
252.59 |
643.70 |
886 |
667 |
|
Staple Food |
114.49 |
105.81 |
263 |
320 |
|
Non-Staple Food |
90.51 |
191.18 |
399 |
226 |
|
Other Food |
47.59 |
346.71 |
216 |
121 |
|
Clothing |
42.51 |
92.72 |
87 |
114 |
|
Housing |
20.48 |
44.98 |
47 |
86 |
|
Family Equipment and Service |
18.66 |
61.61 |
40 |
53 |
|
Health Care |
0.27 |
6.41 |
16 |
21 |
|
Communications and Transportation |
|
8.49 |
15 |
37 |
|
Cultural Education and Recreational Articles, and Service |
1.55 |
6.37 |
11 |
32 |
|
Other Commodities and Service |
4.92 |
9.14 |
14 |
15 |
|
Divided According to Consumption Nature |
|
Cash Consumption |
173.13 |
413.38 |
477 |
614 |
|
Food |
87.47 |
204.03 |
257 |
268 |
|
Clothing |
42.51 |
92.08 |
87 |
107 |
|
Housing |
17.79 |
25.87 |
36 |
81 |
|
Family Equipment and Service |
18.66 |
61.00 |
40 |
53 |
|
Health Care |
0.27 |
6.41 |
16 |
21 |
|
Communications and Transportation |
|
8.49 |
15 |
37 |
|
Cultural Education and Recreational Articles, and Service |
1.51 |
6.37 |
11 |
32 |
|
Other Commodities and Service |
4.92 |
9.13 |
14 |
15 |
|
Consumption in Kind |
168 |
|
640 |
411 |
|
Food |
165 |
|
629 |
399 |
|
Clothing |
|
1 |
|
7 |
|
Housing |
3 |
|
11 |
32 |
Rural Households
|
Item |
Unit |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Number of Households Surveyed |
Household |
480 |
480 |
480 |
480 |
|
Number of People Surveyed |
People |
|
|
Resident Population |
|
2787 |
3145 |
3255 |
2926 |
|
Per-Household Resident Population |
|
5.81 |
6.55 |
6.78 |
6.10 |
|
Average Number of Able Bodied and Semi-Able Bodied Laborers |
|
3.43 |
4.03 |
3.91 |
3.58 |
|
Number of People Supported by Each Laborer (the Laborer Included) |
|
1.44 |
1.63 |
1.74 |
1.70 |
|
Average Annual Income |
Yuan |
|
|
Total Income |
|
623.26 |
1501.46 |
1727 |
2371 |
|
Net Income |
|
447.07 |
1200.31 |
1331 |
1691 |
|
Cash Income |
|
312.90 |
843.91 |
|
|
|
Average Annual Expenditure |
Yuan |
|
|
Total Expenditure |
|
485.38 |
1210.96 |
1477 |
1515 |
|
Family Spending |
|
109.76 |
180.05 |
227 |
291 |
|
Spending on Life |
|
340.98 |
873.42 |
1124 |
1025 |
|
Spending on Other Non-Productive Activities |
|
34.64 |
157.49 |
133 |
199 |
|
Cash Spending |
|
261.73 |
704.08 |
719 |
939 |
|
Production Cost |
|
62.50 |
223.28 |
228 |
309 |
|
Tax Payment and Fees Delivered to the Collective Unit According to Contract Signed |
|
0.46 |
2.41 |
5 |
1 |
|
Spending on Life |
|
173.13 |
413.38 |
477 |
614 |
|
Spending in Terms of Bank Deposits and Lending |
|
16.29 |
52.07 |
10 |
125 | Note: Figures in this table refer to results of sample survey of rural households.
Ownership of Durables for Every 100 Rural Households
|
Item |
Unit |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2003 |
|
Bicycles |
Piece |
6.80 |
11.73 |
79.38 |
55.42 |
|
Washing Machines |
Piece |
|
0.13 |
2.29 |
3.54 |
|
Motorcycles |
Piece |
|
0.03 |
0.20 |
2.29 |
|
Large Furniture |
Piece |
|
|
|
428.33 |
|
Black and White TV |
Piece |
0.32 |
0.73 |
4.79 |
6.46 |
|
Color TV |
Piece |
0.04 |
0.57 |
8.96 |
26.46 |
|
Tape Recorders |
Piece |
3.72 |
7.12 |
45.00 |
72.29 |
|
Hi Fi Combination |
Piece |
|
|
0.20 |
1.25 |
|
Camers |
Piece |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.83 |
0.83 |
|
Refrigerators |
Piece |
|
|
0.41 |
3.13 |
|
Telephones |
Piece |
|
|
0.20 |
4.79 |
|
Disc Players |
Piece |
|
|
0.41 |
1.04 |
|
